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Pronombres personales



*Pronombres personales*
Como en castellano, los pronombres personales adoptan formas distintas según la función que desempeñan en la oración:
COMO SUJETO
I               yo
you         tu, usted
he           él
she         ella
it              ello (para cosas)
we          nosotros, nosotras
you         ustedes, vosotros, vosotras
they        ellos, ellas
1.            En castellano existe el sujeto tácito (Como una manzana) pero en inglés el sujeto debe expresarse siempre y precede al verbo: I eat an apple every day, (yo) como una manzana a diario.

2. Sólo puede suprimirse el pronombre con el imperativo, pues se sobreentiende que va dirigido a la persona o personas que lo escuchan: Come here!, ¡ven aquí! ¡vengan aquí!
COMO COMPLEMENTO (Pronombres Objetivos)
me          me, a mí
you         te, a ti, a usted
him         le, a él
her          le, a ella
it              le, a ello (para cosas)
us           nos, a nosotros, a nosotras
you         les, a ustedes; a vosotros, a vosotras
them      les, a ellos, a ellas
1. El pronombre objetivo tiene función de complemento de verbo o preposición:

Mary met him here
Mary lo encontró aquí (complemento de verbo)

Mary came with him
Mary vino con él (complemento de preposición)

2. Si el verbo tiene dos complementos (CD: complemento directo; CI: complemento indirecto), la frase tiene dos formas posibles de construcción:

V + CD + to + CI  =  I give an apple to him, Le doy una manzana a él.

V + CI + CD  =  I give him an apple, Le doy a él una manzana.

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*Personal pronouns*
As in Castilian, the personal pronouns take different forms depending on their role in the sentence:

AS A SUBJECT

I I
you you, you
I he
she she
do it (for things)
we we we
you you, you, you
They them, they
1. In Castilian there is tacit subject (as an apple) but in English the subject must always be expressed and precedes the verb: I ​​eat an apple every day, (I) as an apple every day.

2. It can only be deleted pronoun with the imperative, as it is understood that is addressed to the person or persons who listen: Come here!, Come here!Come here!

IN ADDITION (pronouns Objectives)

me me, me
you you, you, you
him him, he
her will, she
it will, to do so (for things)
us us, to us, we
you will, to you, to you, to you
Them them, them, them
1. The pronoun is objective function of a verb or preposition:

Mary met him here
Mary found it here (add-verb)

Mary Came With Him
Mary came with it (complement of preposition)

2. If the verb has two complements (CD: direct complement, CI: indirect object), the phrase has two possible forms of construction:

V + CD + to + CI = I give an apple to him, I give him an apple.

V + IC + CD = I give him an apple, I give him an apple.
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Why – questions



El pasado del verbo to be no tiene formas contractas o reducidas para el afirmativo. Es decir, no puedes decir  I's  como reducción de I waso  You're  en lugar de You were.
En cambio, puedes usar contracciones en el negativo: I WASN'T en reemplazo de I was not y YOU WEREN'T en lugar de You were not.
IMPORTANTE:
I WAS significa tanto YO FUI (del verbo SER, no de IR) como YO ERA lo cual suele confundir a muchos estudiantes hispanohablantes. Observa estos ejemplos:
All his life he WAS a teacher.
Toda su vida él FUE maestro. << aquí FUE no deriva del verbo IR(decir: "Toda su vida él ERA maestro" es incorrecto en español).
My grandfather WAS Italian.
Mi abuelo ERA italiano. << aqui queda mejor usar ERA que FUE.

TRY TO REMEMBER THE FOLLOWING ...
The past of the verb to be no forms contractas or reduced to the affirmative. That is, I can not say I's and reduction waso You're instead of were.
Instead, you can use contractions in the negative: I Was not in place of II was not and you were not in place You were not.
IMPORTANT:
I WAS I WAS means so much (from the verb BE, not IR) and I WAS which tends to confuse many Spanish-speaking students. Look at these examples:
All historical life I WAS a teacher.
All his life he was a teacher. << Here was not derived from the verb IR (say: "All his life he was master" is incorrect in Spanish).
My grandfather WAS Italian.
My grandfather was Italian. Here << is better to use was that it was.
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Adjetivos Posesivos




Los adjetivos y los pronombres posesivos

I have a car. // It’s my car.
You have a car. // It’s your car.
He has a car. // It’s his car.
She has a car. // It’s her car.
It has a car. // It’s its car.
We have a car. // It’s our car.
You have a car. // It’s your car.
They have a car. // It’s their car.
Pequeños comentarios a lo dicho hasta ahora:
·         La cantidad de objetos no se refleja en la forma del adjetivo posesivo. Lo que importa es cuantos propietarios hay:
Es mi coche. It’s my car. Son mis coches. These are my cars.
·         A nivel fonético, hay una homofonía (suenan igual) entre las formas he’s y his o bien entre it’s y its o they’retheir. Es el contexto inmediato y el de la frase lo que nos dirá que forma se utiliza. Recordar que los adjetivos posesivos acompañan siempre a un nombre (la cosa que se posee).
Hay también una serie de pronombres posesivos que sustituyen a la construcción adjetivo posesivo + nombre:
It’s my car. // It’s mine.
It’s your car. // It’s yours.
It’s his car. // It’s his.
It’s her car. // It’s hers.
It’s its car. // It’s its.
It’s our car. // It’s ours.
It’s your car. // It’s yours.
It’s their car. // It’s theirs.
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**Adjectives and possessive pronouns**

I have a car. / / It's my car.
You have a car. / / It's your car.
I have a car. / / It's his car.
She has a car. / / It's her car.
It has a car. / / It's STI car.
We have a car. / / It's our car.
You have a car. / / It's your car.
They Have a car. / / It's Their car.
Small comment on it so far:
• The number of objects is not reflected in the form of the possessive adjective. What matters is how many owners there are:
It's my car. It's my car. These are my cars. These are my cars.
• A phonetic level, there is a homophone (sound alike) between I's and historical forms or between it's and its or they'rey their. Is the immediate context of the sentence and tell us what that form is used. Remember that the possessive adjectives always accompany a name (the thing you own).
There are also a number of possessive pronouns replacing possessive adjective + building name:
It's my car. / / It's mine.
It's your car. / / It's yours.
It's his car. / / It's his.
It's her car. / / It's hers.
It's STI car. / / It's its.
It's our car. / / It's ours.
It's your car. / / It's yours.
It's Their car. / / It's Theirs.
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Adjetivos Calificativos




awake
despierto
=/=
asleep
dormido
beautiful
hermoso
=/=
ugly
feo
big 
grande
=/=
small
pequeño
bitter 
amargo
=/=
sweet
dulce
dead 
muerto
=/=
alive
vivo
deep 
profundo
=/=
shallow
superficial
dirty 
sucio
=/=
clean 
limpio
expensive 
caro
=/=
cheap
barato
far
lejano
=/=
near
cercano
fast 
rápido
=/=
slow
lento
fat 
gordo
=/=
thin 
flaco, delgado
full 
lleno
=/=
empty 
vacío
glad 
contento
=/=
sad 
triste
good 
bueno
=/=
bad 
malo
happy 
feliz
=/=
sorry 
apenado
hard 
duro
=/=
soft 
blando
healthy
saludable
=/=
sick 
enfermo
heavy 
pesado
=/=
light 
liviano
high
alto
=/=
low
bajo
hot 
caliente
=/=
cold 
frío
long 
largo
=/=
short 
corto
new 
nuevo
=/=
old 
viejo
polite 
cortés
=/=
rude 
grosero
rich 
rico
=/=
poor 
pobre
right 
derecho, correcto
=/=
left 
izquierdo, equivocado
rough 
áspero
=/=
smooth 
suave, liso
safe
seguro
=/=
dangerous 
peligroso
same
mismo
=/=
different
diferente
simple 
simple
=/=
complex 
complejo
single
soltero
=/=
married 
casado
strong 
fuerte
=/=
weak 
débil
tall
alto
=/=
short 
bajo
thick 
grueso
=/=
thin
delgado
true 
verdadero
=/=
false 
falso
useful
útil
=/=
useless 
inútil
warm
cálido
=/=
cool 
fresco
wet
mojado
=/=
dry 
seco
wide 
ancho
=/=
narrow 
angosto
young
joven
=/=
old 
viejo
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